The Judo
Know the history, techniques and competitive rules of judo.
HISTORY OF JUDO
Judo was founded by Jigoro Kano, who in his youth began to practice Jujutsu as a way to strengthen his fragile body. Kano studied the Tenjin Shinyo-ryu and Kito-ryu styles of classical Jujutsu, eventually mastering his deepest teachings, and complemented this training with an avid interest in other combative forms as well. Integrating what he considered their strengths with his own ideas and inspirations, he established a review of most physical techniques, and also transformed the traditional Jujutsu principle of "defeating strength through flexibility" into a new principle of "use maximum efficiency of physical and mental energy. "The result was a new theoretical and technical system that Kano felt was better suited to the needs of modern people.
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The essence of this system, he expresses in the teaching "maximum efficient use of energy", a concept that he considered the basis of martial arts and a useful principle in many aspects of life. The practical application of this principle, he felt, could contribute a great deal to human and social development, including "mutual prosperity for himself and for others", which he identified as the appropriate objective of the training. What Kano had created went beyond mere technique to embrace a set of principles for perfecting the self. To reflect this, he replaced jutsu (technique) in the word "Ju-jutsu" with the suffix DO (path) to create a new name for his art: judo. His training place he called "Ko-do-kan" or "a place to teach the way".
Kano was also praised as "the father of Japanese physical education". As director of the Tokyo Normal Higher School, he established a general physical education faculty with the aim of training teachers capable of bringing quality physical education to young Japanese people. He also helped to found the Japan Amateur Sports Association (Japan Sport Association) and, in 1909, became the first Asian member of the International Olympic Committee. Kano traveled abroad thirteen times, giving lectures and judo demonstrations, in order to present his art to people around the world.
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Today, the International Judo Federation includes representatives from some 204 countries and regions (in 2020), with practitioners of all age groups wearing judo uniforms and climbing on the mat to forge their minds, bodies and spirits.
The following excerpt is part of the preamble to the statutes of the International Judo Federation:
Judo was created in 1882 by Kano Jigoro Shihan. As an educational method derived from the martial arts, judo became an official Olympic sport in 1964 (after being named as a demonstration sport at the Tokyo Olympics in 1940, which were canceled due to international conflicts). Judo is a highly codified sport in which the mind controls the expression of the body and is a sport that contributes to the formation of the individual. In addition to competitions and fights, judo involves technical research, kata practice, self-defense work, physical preparation and sharpening of the spirit. As a discipline derived from ancestral traditions, judo was conceived by its Master Founder as an eminently modern and progressive activity.
JUDO TECHNIQUES
NAGE WAZA (68 TECHNIQUES)
ASHI WAZA
(21 TECHNIQUES)
MA SUTEMI WAZA
(05 TECHNIQUES)
YOKO SUTEMI WAZA
(16 TECHNIQUES)
* Prohibited techniques.
KATAME WAZA (32 TECHNIQUES)
* Prohibited technique.
* Prohibited technique.
The KATA
There are two main ways to practice Judo: Kata and Randori. Kata, which literally means "form", is practiced following a formal system of predetermined exercises, while Randori, which means "free practice", is practiced freely. Through the practice of Kata, the judokas learn the principles of the techniques. In Kodokan nine katas are adopted, they are:
Three representative techniques are chosen from each of the five Nage wazas: Te waza, Koshi waza, Ashi waza, Ma sutemi waza and Yoko sutemi waza.
TE WAZA | KOSHI WAZA | ASHI WAZA | MA SUTEMI WAZA | YOKO SUTEMI WAZA |
---|---|---|---|---|
Uki otoshi | Uki goshi | Okuri ashi harai | Tomoe nage | Yoko gake |
Seoi nage | Harai goshi | Sasae tsurikomi ashi | Ura nage | Yoko guruma |
Kata guruma | Tsurikomi goshi | Uchi mata | Sumi gaeshi | Uki waza |
Five model techniques are chosen from each of the three Katame wazas: Osaekomi waza, Shime waza and Kansetsu waza.
OSAEKOMI WAZA | SHIME WAZA | KANSETSU WAZA |
---|---|---|
Kesa gatame | Kata juji shime | Ude garami |
Kata gatame | Hadaka jime | Ude hishigi juji gatame |
Kami shiho gatame | Okuri eri jime | Ude hishigi ude gatame |
Yoko shiho gatame | Kataha jime | Ude hishigi hiza gatame |
Kuzure kami shiho gatame | Gyaku juji jime | Ashi garami |
It consists of the blunt techniques in Idori (kneeling position) and Tachiai (standing).
IDORI | TACHIAI |
---|---|
Ryote-dori | Ryote-dori |
Tsukkake | Sode-tori |
Suri-age | Tsukkake |
Yoko-uchi | Tsuki-age |
Ushiro-dori | Suri-age |
Tsukkomi | Yoko-uchi |
Kiri-komi | Ke-age |
Yoko-tsuki | Ushiro-dori |
- | Tsukkomi |
- | Kiri-komi |
- | Nuki-gake |
- | Kiri-oroshi |
Fonte: KODOKAN (Japão) (org.). Kodokan Judo Institute. 2021. Disponível em: http://kodokanjudoinstitute.org/en/. Acesso em: 20 set. 2021.